Category: Editorial

Finding a virus on your Windows PC can be alarming. Many users immediately think of installing a third-party antivirus program. However, did you know that Windows itself provides robust built-in tools that can be highly effective in detecting and removing malware? This guide will show you how to remove a virus from Windows without antivirus software you have to purchase or install.

The history of malware is as old as personal computing itself, with early examples like the “Elk Cloner” virus for Apple II in 1982. As operating systems like Microsoft Windows became ubiquitous, so did the sophistication of viruses, worms, and trojans. For decades, third-party antivirus software was the primary defense. However, with the introduction of Windows Defender (now Windows Security) in Windows Vista and its significant enhancements in Windows 8, 10, and 11, Microsoft has provided a comprehensive and highly capable security solution directly integrated into the operating system. This means you often have the tools you need already at your fingertips.

This guide focuses on leveraging these integrated Windows security features and fundamental troubleshooting techniques to clean an infected system, without relying on additional downloads or subscriptions.

Understanding Malware and Why It’s a Problem

Before diving into removal, it’s important to understand what malware is and why it poses a threat. Malware (malicious software) is a broad term encompassing viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, spyware, adware, and other unwanted programs designed to disrupt computer operations, gather sensitive information, or gain unauthorized access.

Signs of a malware infection include:

• Slow performance: Your PC becomes unusually slow, crashes frequently, or programs take a long time to open.
• Pop-up ads: Excessive or unwanted pop-up advertisements appear, even when not Browse.
• Browser redirects: Your web browser is redirected to unfamiliar websites.
• Missing files or changed settings: Files disappear, or your desktop background, homepage, or other settings change without your input.
• Suspicious network activity: High network usage when you’re not actively using the internet.
• Disabled security tools: Your existing antivirus or firewall is turned off or can’t be updated.

Preparation: Crucial First Steps

Before attempting any removal, these steps are vital to prevent further damage and improve your chances of success.

1. Disconnect from the Internet:
   • Unplug your Ethernet cable or turn off your WiFi.
   • This prevents the malware from spreading to other devices, sending your data out, or downloading more harmful components. It also stops ransomware from communicating with its command and control servers.
2. Backup Important Files (If Possible and Safe):
   • If you can still access your files and suspect the infection isn’t ransomware (which encrypts files), try to back up your most critical documents, photos, and personal data to an external drive or cloud storage.
   • Important: Be extremely cautious. If you suspect ransomware, backing up encrypted files is pointless, and backing up active malware could reinfect your clean backup device. This step is best skipped if you’re unsure of the malware type.
3. Gather Necessary Information:
   • If you need to download drivers or other tools later, make sure you have another device (smartphone, another PC) with internet access available.

Step 1: Boot into Safe Mode

Safe Mode starts Windows with only essential programs and drivers. This often prevents malware from loading, making it easier to remove.

1. Restart your PC into Safe Mode:
   • Windows 11/10:
     • Press Windows key + I to open Settings.
     • Go to System > Recovery.
     • Under “Recovery options,” next to “Advanced startup,” click “Restart now.”
     • After your PC restarts, select “Troubleshoot” > “Advanced options” > “Startup Settings” > “Restart.”
     • After the next restart, you’ll see a list of options. Select “4” or “F4” for Safe Mode, or “5” or “F5” for Safe Mode with Networking (choose this if you must have internet for a tool, but ideally avoid it during removal).
   • Windows 8.1/8:
     • Press Windows key + I to open the Charms bar, then click “Change PC settings.”
     • Go to “Update and recovery” > “Recovery.”
     • Under “Advanced startup,” click “Restart now.”
     • Follow the same “Troubleshoot” > “Advanced options” > “Startup Settings” > “Restart” process as Windows 10.
   • Windows 7:
     • Restart your computer.
     • As it starts booting up, repeatedly press the F8 key (about once per second) until the “Advanced Boot Options” menu appears.
     • Use the arrow keys to select “Safe Mode” or “Safe Mode with Networking” and press Enter.
2. Log in: Log into your user account. If prompted, use your password.

Step 2: Delete Temporary Files and Unwanted Programs

Malware often hides in temporary folders or installs unwanted programs. Cleaning these out can remove components of the infection.

1. Delete Temporary Files:
   • Run Disk Cleanup: Type “Disk Cleanup” into the Windows search bar (or Start Menu search) and select the application.
   • Choose your C: drive (or the drive where Windows is installed) and click “OK.”
   • Check the boxes for “Temporary Internet Files,” “Temporary files,” “Recycle Bin,” and anything else you don’t need.
   • Click “OK” and then “Delete Files.”
   • For a deeper clean (Windows 10/11), go to Settings > System > Storage > Temporary files, select unwanted items, and click “Remove files.”
2. Uninstall Suspicious Programs:
   • Windows 11/10: Go to Settings > Apps > Apps & features.
   • Windows 8.1/7: Go to Control Panel > Programs > Programs and Features.
   • Sort programs by “Install date” to see recently added software.
   • Look for any programs you don’t recognize, didn’t intentionally install, or that have suspicious names.
   • Select the program and click “Uninstall.” Follow any uninstallation prompts.

Step 3: Use Windows Security (Built-in Antivirus)

Windows Security (known as Windows Defender in earlier versions of Windows 10 and Microsoft Security Essentials on Windows 7) is Microsoft’s robust, built-in antivirus solution. It runs silently in the background and is highly capable of detecting and removing common malware.

1. Open Windows Security:
   • Windows 11/10: Type “Windows Security” into the Windows search bar and open the application.
   • Windows 7/8.1 (Microsoft Security Essentials): Search for “Microsoft Security Essentials” in the Start Menu.
2. Perform an Offline Scan (Highly Recommended for Stubborn Infections):
   • An offline scan runs before Windows fully loads, making it effective against malware that tries to hide or disable antivirus software while Windows is running.
   • In Windows Security, go to “Virus & threat protection.”
   • Click “Scan options.”
   • Select “Microsoft Defender Offline scan” and click “Scan now.”
   • Your PC will restart and perform a scan, which can take about 15 minutes. It will then restart again into Windows.
3. Perform a Full Scan (If Offline Scan isn’t an option or for thoroughness):
   • In “Virus & threat protection,” click “Scan options.”
   • Select “Full scan” and click “Scan now.” This scan is very thorough and can take several hours depending on your hard drive size and the number of files.
   • Let the scan complete. If any threats are found, Windows Security will typically recommend “Remove,” “Quarantine,” or “Allow.” Always choose “Remove” or “Quarantine” for detected malware.

Step 4: Check Startup Items and Services

Some malware configures itself to launch automatically with Windows. Disabling these startup items can prevent the virus from running.

1. Open Task Manager (Startup tab):
   • Right-click on the Taskbar and select “Task Manager” (or press Ctrl + Shift + Esc).
   • Go to the “Startup” tab (Windows 10/11) or “Processes” tab (Windows 7/8.1, then look for unusual processes).
   • Look for any suspicious programs with unknown publishers or unusual names. Right-click and select “Disable.” If unsure, search online for the program name before disabling.
2. Check Services (Advanced):
   • Type “services.msc” into the Windows search bar and press Enter.
   • Look for any unfamiliar services with suspicious names or descriptions.
   • Right-click on a suspicious service, go to “Properties,” and set its “Startup type” to “Disabled.” Do not stop essential Microsoft services unless you know what you are doing. This step is for advanced users.

Step 5: Modify Host Files (If Redirected Websites are an Issue)

Some malware alters the Hosts file to redirect your browser to malicious websites.

1. Open Notepad as Administrator:
   • Search for “Notepad” in Windows search.
   • Right-click on “Notepad” in the results and select “Run as administrator.”
2. Open the Hosts file:
   • In Notepad, click File > Open.
   • Navigate to C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc
   • In the “File name” box, type *.* and press Enter, then select “hosts” (no extension).
   • The Hosts file will open. Look for any entries at the bottom that redirect legitimate websites (like Google, Facebook, banking sites) to unusual IP addresses. Legitimate entries usually start with #.
   • Delete any suspicious lines that don’t start with #.
   • Save the file and close Notepad.

Step 6: Perform a System Restore (If Recent Infection)

If the virus infection is recent and you have System Restore enabled, you can revert your system to a previous point in time when it was clean. This can effectively undo changes made by the malware.

1. Open System Restore:
   • Type “Create a restore point” into the Windows search bar and select the result.
   • Click the “System Restore…” button.
2. Choose a restore point:
   • Click “Next.”
   • Select a restore point from before you suspect the infection occurred.
   • Click “Next” and then “Finish.”
   • Your PC will restart and revert to the selected state. Your personal files will not be affected, but programs installed after the restore point will be removed.

Step 7: Reset Your Browser Settings

Many adware and spyware infections target web browsers. Resetting your browser to its default settings can remove unwanted toolbars, extensions, and homepage hijackers.

• Google Chrome: Open Chrome, type chrome://settings/reset in the address bar, and click “Restore settings to their original defaults.”
• Mozilla Firefox: Open Firefox, type about:support in the address bar, and click “Refresh Firefox…” (top right).
• Microsoft Edge: Open Edge, go to Settings > Reset settings > “Restore settings to their default values.”
• Internet Explorer (if still used): Go to Control Panel > Internet Options > “Advanced” tab > “Reset…”

Final Step: Reassess and Secure Your PC

After attempting these removal steps, reconnect to the internet (if you disconnected).

1. Update Windows: Ensure your Windows operating system is fully updated. Go to Settings > Update & Security (Windows 10) or Windows Update (Windows 11) and check for updates. Microsoft regularly releases security patches.
2. Update Windows Security Definitions: Manually update the virus definitions for Windows Security by opening the app, going to “Virus & threat protection,” and checking for updates under “Virus & threat protection updates.”
3. Run a final Full Scan: Once definitions are updated, run another Full scan with Windows Security.
4. Consider a Clean Windows Installation (Last Resort): If all else fails, and your PC remains infected or unstable, the most definitive way to remove a virus is a clean installation of Windows. This means erasing your entire hard drive and reinstalling the operating system from scratch. This will delete all your files and installed programs, so ensure you have backed up any critical data beforehand.
   • Windows 11/10: Go to Settings > System (or Update & Security) > Recovery > Reset this PC > “Remove everything.” Choose “Cloud download” for a fresh image.
   • For older versions or if the system is unbootable, you might need to use Windows installation media (USB or DVD).

While these methods are powerful, prevention is always better than cure. Keep your Windows operating system and browsers updated, be cautious about opening suspicious email attachments, avoid clicking questionable links, and download software only from trusted sources.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Is Windows Security (Windows Defender) good enough to protect against viruses?

Yes, Windows Security has significantly improved over the years and is now considered a highly capable antivirus solution. For most home users, it provides excellent real-time protection against common malware, including viruses, ransomware, and spyware. Keeping it updated is key.

Q2: What’s the difference between a virus, a worm, and a Trojan?

• A virus attaches itself to legitimate programs and spreads when those programs are executed. It requires user interaction to propagate.
• A worm is a standalone malware program that replicates itself and spreads across computer networks without human interaction.
• A Trojan horse (or Trojan) is a type of malware disguised as legitimate software. Users are tricked into installing it, and once inside, it can perform various malicious activities like creating backdoors or stealing data.

Q3: Can a virus hide from Safe Mode?

While Safe Mode is highly effective because it loads minimal drivers and programs, some very sophisticated rootkits or advanced malware might still be able to run or hide. However, for most common viruses, Safe Mode severely limits their capabilities, making them easier to detect and remove with Windows Security.

Q4: How do I prevent future virus infections?

• Keep Windows and all your software (browsers, applications) updated.
• Use Windows Security with real-time protection enabled and ensure its virus definitions are up to date.
• Be cautious about email attachments and suspicious links.
• Download software only from trusted, official sources.
• Use a strong, unique password for your user account.
• Consider using a standard user account for daily tasks instead of an administrator account to limit malware’s potential impact.
• Regularly back up your important data.

Q5: What if my Windows PC won’t boot at all due to a virus?

If your PC won’t boot into Safe Mode or regular Windows:

• You’ll need Windows installation media (a USB drive or DVD with Windows on it).
• Boot from the media.
• Choose “Repair your computer” instead of “Install now.”
• From the Advanced Startup Options, you might be able to access System Restore, Command Prompt (to run SFC/DISM if your Windows installation is still somewhat intact), or the Reset this PC option (if available for your Windows version).
• A clean reinstall of Windows is often the most reliable solution in severe unbootable scenarios, as mentioned in the guide.

A slow computer startup can be incredibly frustrating, especially when you’re in a hurry. One of the primary culprits behind sluggish boot times is an excessive number of startup programs running automatically when Windows launches. Many applications, from messaging clients to utility software, quietly add themselves to your startup list, consuming valuable system resources. Fortunately, Windows provides built-in tools to disable startup programs effectively, helping you achieve a faster boot and a more responsive system.

Why Do Startup Programs Slow Down Your PC?

• Resource Consumption: Each program that starts with Windows consumes RAM, CPU cycles, and disk I/O, collectively slowing down the boot process.
• Background Processes: Even if you don’t actively use an app immediately, its background processes might be running, consuming resources and potentially delaying other essential system services.
• Network Activity: Some startup programs try to connect to the internet right away, which can impact network performance during boot.
• Disk Bottlenecks: Multiple programs trying to load from the hard drive simultaneously can create a bottleneck, especially on traditional HDDs.

Before You Start: What to Consider

• Identify Non-Essential Programs: Not all startup programs are bad. Essential ones include antivirus software, cloud sync services (if you need them active immediately), and critical system utilities. Focus on disabling applications you don’t need running from the moment you log in.
• Research Unknown Programs: If you see a program you don’t recognize, do a quick online search. It could be a vital system process, a driver component, or bloatware.
• Disabling vs. Uninstalling: Disabling a startup program prevents it from launching with Windows, but the program remains installed on your system. If you never use an application, uninstalling it is a better long-term solution to free up disk space and system resources.

Method 1: Using Task Manager (Windows 10 & 11)

Task Manager is the most common and effective tool for managing startup programs.

Step-by-Step:

1. Open Task Manager:
   • Right-click on the Taskbar and select “Task Manager.”
   • Alternatively, press Ctrl + Shift + Esc.
   • Or, press Ctrl + Alt + Delete and select “Task Manager.”
2. Go to the “Startup” Tab: In Task Manager, click on the “Startup” tab. (If you only see a small window, click “More details” first).
3. Analyze Startup Impact:
   • The “Startup” tab lists all programs configured to run at boot.
   • Pay attention to the “Startup impact” column. This shows how much each program affects your boot time (e.g., “High,” “Medium,” “Low,” or “None”). High impact programs are your primary targets.
   • You can sort the list by clicking on the column headers (e.g., “Startup impact” or “Name”).
4. Disable Unwanted Programs:
   • Select the program you wish to disable.
   • Click the “Disable” button in the bottom right corner of the Task Manager window.
   • The “Status” for that program will change from “Enabled” to “Disabled.”
5. Re-enable (if needed): If you disable a program and find you need it at startup, you can re-enable it using the same process.

Insight: Task Manager provides a clear overview and is generally the quickest way to manage most common startup items.

Method 2: Using Windows Settings (Windows 11 Specific, Limited Control)

Windows 11 offers a more user-friendly, but less comprehensive, way to manage startup apps directly in the Settings app.

Step-by-Step:

1. Open Settings: Click the Start button and select Settings (the gear icon).
2. Navigate to Startup Apps: In the Settings window, click “Apps” in the left sidebar, then select “Startup.”
3. Disable Unwanted Apps:
   • You’ll see a list of apps with a toggle switch next to each.
   • Similar to Task Manager, there’s a “Startup impact” indicator.
   • Toggle the switch to “Off” for any app you don’t want to launch at startup.
4. Re-enable (if needed): Toggle the switch back to “On.”

Limitations: The Settings app “Startup” list might not show all startup items that Task Manager does, as it primarily focuses on Microsoft Store apps and certain desktop applications. For full control, Task Manager is still superior.

Method 3: Checking the Startup Folders (Manual Inspection)

Some programs or shortcuts are placed directly into the Startup folders, which Windows executes automatically. These are less common for modern applications but are worth checking.

Step-by-Step (User-Specific Startup Folder):

1. Open Run Dialog: Press Win + R.
2. Type Shell Command: Type shell:startup and press Enter. This will open the current user’s Startup folder in File Explorer.
3. Delete Unwanted Shortcuts: If you see any shortcuts to programs you don’t want to start with Windows, simply delete them. This won’t uninstall the program, just remove it from startup.

Step-by-Step (All Users Startup Folder):

1. Open Run Dialog: Press Win + R.
2. Type Shell Command: Type shell:common startup and press Enter. This will open the Startup folder for all users on the computer.
3. Delete Unwanted Shortcuts: As with the user-specific folder, delete any unnecessary shortcuts.

Method 4: Using System Configuration (MSConfig) (Advanced & Legacy)

MSConfig is an older utility primarily used for troubleshooting, but it still has a “Startup” tab that redirects to Task Manager in Windows 10/11. However, it can be useful for managing other system services that launch at boot.

Step-by-Step:

1. Open System Configuration:
   • Press Win + R, type msconfig, and press Enter.
   • Alternatively, type msconfig in the Start menu search bar.
2. Go to the “Startup” Tab: In the System Configuration window, click on the “Startup” tab.
3. Redirect to Task Manager: You will see a message: “To manage startup items, use the Startup section in Task Manager.” Click “Open Task Manager.”
4. Manage Services (Optional, Use with Caution):
   • While not directly startup programs, many background services also launch with Windows. In MSConfig, go to the “Services” tab.
   • Crucially, check the box that says “Hide all Microsoft services.” This prevents you from accidentally disabling critical Windows services.
   • Review the remaining services. If you recognize a third-party service that you don’t need (e.g., an old printer service, unused software updates), you can uncheck its box to disable it.
   • Click “Apply” and “OK.” You’ll be prompted to restart your computer.
   • Warning: Disabling essential non-Microsoft services can cause programs to malfunction. Only disable if you are certain.

What to Do After Disabling Startup Programs

1. Restart Your PC: After making changes, restart your computer to see the effect on your boot time.
2. Monitor Performance: Pay attention to how your PC starts and how quickly your desktop becomes usable.
3. Check for Missing Functionality: If you disabled a program and suddenly something isn’t working as expected (e.g., your cloud files aren’t syncing, your messaging app isn’t notifying you), you may have disabled something essential. Go back to Task Manager (or Settings) and re-enable the suspected program.

By diligently reviewing and disabling startup programs that aren’t critical for your immediate workflow, you can significantly reduce boot times and free up system resources, resulting in a faster and more enjoyable Windows experience. Remember, consistency in managing your startup applications is key to maintaining optimal PC performance.

Unlike static images, live wallpapers bring your Windows desktop to life with subtle animations, dynamic scenes, or even video loops. While Windows itself doesn’t offer a built-in feature for live wallpapers, several third-party applications provide this functionality, allowing you to personalize your desktop in a vibrant new way. This guide will walk you through the most popular and effective methods to set live wallpaper on your Windows desktop, detailing the steps for each.

Understanding Live Wallpapers on Windows

Windows (10 and 11) natively supports static images and slideshows for desktop backgrounds. To achieve a “live” or animated wallpaper, you’ll need to use third-party software that acts as an intermediary, playing video files or dynamic content in the background.

Key Considerations Before Starting:

• System Resources: Live wallpapers consume more CPU and GPU resources than static images. If you have an older or less powerful computer, you might notice a slight performance impact or increased battery drain (on laptops).
• Battery Life: On laptops, running a live wallpaper will reduce battery life. Most apps offer options to pause the wallpaper when on battery or when full-screen applications are running.
• Source of Live Wallpapers: You’ll need compatible video files (.mp4, .webm, .avi, etc.) or specific live wallpaper packages that the chosen software can use.

Let’s explore the methods to bring your desktop to life.

1. Using Lively Wallpaper (Recommended & Free)

Lively Wallpaper is a popular, open-source, and free application available on the Microsoft Store. It’s user-friendly and offers a good balance of features and performance.

• Step 1: Download and Install Lively Wallpaper.
  • Open the Microsoft Store on your Windows desktop.
  • In the search bar, type “Lively Wallpaper” and press Enter.
  • Click on the “Lively Wallpaper” app from the search results.
  • Click the “Get” or “Install” button.
  • Once installed, launch the application.
• Step 2: Choose a Pre-installed Live Wallpaper.
  • Upon launching Lively Wallpaper, you’ll see a gallery of pre-installed live wallpapers. These include various animations, interactive scenes, and even a web browser wallpaper.
  • Click on a wallpaper from the gallery to apply it to your desktop.
• Step 3: Set Your Own Video File as Live Wallpaper.
  • If you want to use your own video:
    • In the Lively Wallpaper application, click the “+” (plus) icon in the left sidebar.
    • Click “Browse” or “Open file.”
    • Navigate to the folder where your video file is stored, select the video (.mp4, .webm, etc.), and click “Open.”
    • Lively will add the video to your library. Click on it to set it as your desktop wallpaper.
• Step 4: Configure Wallpaper Settings.
  • After applying a wallpaper, hover over its thumbnail in the Lively library and click the gear icon (Settings).
  • Here you can:
    • Adjust volume (for videos with audio).
    • Set playback speed.
    • Configure performance options (e.g., pause wallpaper when a full-screen app or game is running, or when on battery power).
    • Monitor settings (if you have multiple displays).
  • Explore these options to optimize performance and prevent distractions.

2. Using Wallpaper Engine (Paid & Feature-Rich)

Wallpaper Engine is a highly popular and powerful paid application available on Steam. It offers extensive customization, a vast community workshop for wallpapers, and advanced features.

• Step 1: Purchase and Install Wallpaper Engine.
  • Open the Steam client on your Windows desktop.
  • Search for “Wallpaper Engine” in the Steam Store.
  • Purchase and download the application.
  • Once installed, launch Wallpaper Engine from your Steam library.
• Step 2: Browse and Apply Wallpapers from the Workshop.
  • Upon launching, Wallpaper Engine opens a window with its “Discover” tab.
  • You’ll see a vast collection of live wallpapers from the Steam Workshop, including videos, interactive scenes, and even 3D animations.
  • You can filter by type, genre, and resolution.
  • Click on a wallpaper you like, then click “Subscribe” (to download it) and then “OK” to apply it.
• Step 3: Use Your Own Video Files.
  • In Wallpaper Engine, go to the “Create” tab (or a similar button for adding new wallpapers).
  • Choose “Open from URL” (for online videos) or “Open file” (for local video files).
  • Select your video file (e.g., .mp4, .webm).
  • You can then adjust playback options, set a custom thumbnail, and publish it to your local library.
• Step 4: Customize and Optimize Settings.
  • In the main Wallpaper Engine window, on the right side, you’ll find extensive settings for the currently active wallpaper:
    • Playback options: Speed, volume, looping.
    • Performance: Set quality, FPS, and rules for pausing the wallpaper when other applications are running (e.g., “Pause” when a game is full screen, “Stop” when maximizing windows). This is crucial for performance.
    • Display options: Configure settings for multiple monitors.

3. Using DeskScapes (Stardock – Paid & Desktop Enhancement Focused)

DeskScapes is part of Stardock’s suite of desktop customization tools. It specializes in animated wallpapers (“Dreams”) and offers a wide range of effects.

• Step 1: Purchase and Install DeskScapes.
  • Go to the Stardock website (stardock.com).
  • Locate and purchase “DeskScapes.”
  • Download and run the installer.
• Step 2: Apply a Dream.
  • Launch DeskScapes.
  • You’ll see a gallery of “Dreams” (their term for animated wallpapers).
  • Select a Dream from the library.
  • Click “Apply Dream to my desktop” to set it as your wallpaper.
• Step 3: Use Your Own Videos.
  • DeskScapes allows you to use your own video files. Look for an option to “Add a Dream” or “Import a video.”
  • Select your video file and it will be added to your library.
• Step 4: Customize Effects and Performance.
  • DeskScapes offers unique features like adding effects to existing wallpapers (e.g., snow, rain, sepia).
  • Adjust performance settings to ensure it doesn’t impact your system too much.

Important Tips for Live Wallpapers:

• Performance Impact: Always monitor your CPU and GPU usage after setting a live wallpaper. If your system feels sluggish, reduce the quality settings within the wallpaper app or choose a less complex wallpaper.
• Battery Saver Settings: For laptops, configure the live wallpaper app to pause or stop when on battery power to conserve energy.
• Multiple Monitors: All these apps offer options to handle live wallpapers across multiple monitors (e.g., duplicate, span, or unique wallpapers per screen).
• Wallpaper Source: Download video files for live wallpapers from reputable sources to avoid malware. The Steam Workshop for Wallpaper Engine is generally a safe and vast resource.

By choosing one of these applications and following the detailed steps, you can successfully set live wallpaper on your Windows desktop, transforming your computing experience with dynamic and engaging visuals.

Upgrading your Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), often called a graphics card or video card, is one of the most significant improvements you can make for gaming performance, video editing, or any graphically intensive task. However, before you invest in a new GPU, it’s crucial to confirm that your motherboard supports the GPU upgrade. Not all motherboards are created equal, and compatibility involves more than just plugging it in. This guide will walk you through the essential steps to check your motherboard’s GPU support, ensuring a smooth and successful upgrade.

Why Motherboard Support Matters for a GPU Upgrade

Your motherboard is the central nervous system of your computer, connecting all components. When it comes to a GPU upgrade, its role is pivotal for several reasons:

• PCIe Slot Compatibility: Modern GPUs use PCIe (PCI Express) slots. Your motherboard needs to have the correct type and version of this slot.
• Physical Clearance: The new GPU must physically fit inside your PC case and not obstruct other components on the motherboard.
• BIOS/UEFI Compatibility: The motherboard’s firmware needs to recognize and properly communicate with the new GPU.
• Power Delivery: While primarily handled by the Power Supply Unit (PSU), the motherboard routes power to the PCIe slot.

Step-by-Step Guide: Checking Motherboard GPU Support

To determine if your motherboard supports a GPU upgrade, you’ll need to gather some information about your current system and the potential new GPU.

Step 1: Identify Your Motherboard Model

Knowing your exact motherboard model is the first and most critical step. This information is your gateway to its specifications.

• Using Software (Recommended):
  • Windows:
    1. Press Win + R to open the Run dialog.
    2. Type msinfo32 and press Enter to open System Information.
    3. Look for “BaseBoard Manufacturer,” “BaseBoard Product,” and “BaseBoard Version.” These entries will give you your motherboard model.
    4. Alternatively, use a dedicated hardware information tool like CPU-Z. Download and run CPU-Z, then navigate to the “Mainboard” tab. It will clearly display the Manufacturer, Model, and Chipset. This is often the most reliable method.
  • macOS (Not Applicable for Standard GPU Upgrades): Macs generally do not allow for GPU upgrades in the same way desktops do, as GPUs are often soldered onto the logic board or come in proprietary form factors. This guide focuses on standard desktop PC upgrades.
• Physical Inspection (If Software Fails):
  • Open your PC case: Power off your computer and unplug it. Carefully open the side panel of your desktop PC (usually the left side when looking from the front).
  • Locate Motherboard: Look for text printed directly on the motherboard itself, usually near the CPU socket, RAM slots, or between PCIe slots. It will typically show the manufacturer (e.g., ASUS, MSI, Gigabyte, ASRock) and the model name (e.g., “Z690-A,” “B550 GAMING PLUS,” “PRIME B450M-A”).

Step 2: Check for PCIe Slots on Your Motherboard

Modern dedicated GPUs connect to a PCIe x16 slot. You need to visually confirm your motherboard has at least one.

• Visual Identification:
  • Location: PCIe x16 slots are the longest slots on your motherboard, typically located below the CPU socket. They are usually colored differently (e.g., blue, black, grey) from the smaller PCIe x1 slots.
  • Size: A PCIe x16 slot is about 89mm (3.5 inches) long. You might also see smaller PCIe x1 or x4 slots, but these are too short for a standard dedicated GPU.
  • Version: While physically identical, PCIe slots come in different versions (e.g., PCIe 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0). A newer GPU (e.g., PCIe 4.0) will work in an older slot (e.g., PCIe 3.0), but it will run at the slower speed of the older slot. This is generally not a deal-breaker for compatibility, but it’s good to know for performance expectations.

Step 3: Consult Your Motherboard’s Specifications

Once you have your motherboard model, head to the manufacturer’s official website. This is where you’ll find the definitive answers.

1. Navigate to Manufacturer’s Website: Go to the support or product page for your specific motherboard model.
2. Find Specifications/Manual: Look for sections like “Specifications,” “Specs,” or download the user manual.
3. Key Information to Look For:
   • PCIe Slots: Confirm the presence and number of PCIe x16 slots. It will specify the version (e.g., “1 x PCIe 4.0 x16 slot”).
   • CPU Compatibility: While not directly about GPU, ensure your current CPU is compatible with the motherboard. An extremely old CPU might bottleneck a new powerful GPU.
   • BIOS/UEFI Version: Note the recommended BIOS/UEFI version for GPU compatibility. Sometimes, a very new GPU might require a BIOS update on an older motherboard.

Step 4: Assess Physical Clearance in Your PC Case

A powerful new GPU might be much larger than your old one. Even if the motherboard supports it, the case might not.

1. Measure Your Case:
   • Length: Measure the available space from the back of your PC case (where the GPU ports exit) to the front (towards the hard drive bays or front fans).
   • Height: Measure the distance from the PCIe slot upwards to the top of the case. Many modern GPUs are “2-slot” or even “3-slot” designs, meaning they occupy the space of two or three expansion slots.
   • Width: Ensure there’s enough room between the GPU and the side panel, especially if the GPU has large fans or a backplate.
2. Check GPU Dimensions: Look up the exact dimensions (length, height, width) of the GPU you plan to buy on the manufacturer’s website or retailer’s product page.
3. Compare: Ensure your case dimensions are greater than the GPU dimensions, with a little room for airflow. Pay special attention to hard drive cages or front fans that might obstruct longer GPUs.

Step 5: Evaluate Your Power Supply Unit (PSU)

While the motherboard supports the GPU’s connection, the PSU provides its power. This is a critical factor for an upgrade.

1. Determine Current PSU Wattage:
   • Label on PSU: The easiest way is to physically check the label on the side of your PSU (you might need a flashlight and to look through vents or open the case). It will state the total wattage (e.g., “650W,” “750W”).
   • Pre-built PCs: For pre-built systems, the PSU wattage might be listed in the system’s specifications.
2. Check New GPU’s Power Requirements: Every dedicated GPU has a recommended minimum PSU wattage. This information is available on the GPU manufacturer’s website or product page. It will also specify required PCIe power connectors (e.g., one 8-pin, two 6+2-pin).
3. Assess PSU Connectors: Visually inspect your current PSU’s cables. Does it have the necessary 6-pin, 8-pin, or 6+2-pin PCIe power connectors? Some entry-level PSUs might lack these.
4. Compare and Upgrade (if needed): If your current PSU’s wattage is too low or it lacks the required connectors, you’ll need to upgrade your PSU alongside your GPU. This is a common and necessary step for substantial GPU upgrades.

Step 6: Consider CPU Bottlenecking

While not directly a motherboard support issue, an older or low-end CPU can “bottleneck” a powerful new GPU, meaning the GPU won’t be able to perform at its full potential because the CPU can’t feed it data fast enough.

• Research CPU/GPU Pairing: Before purchasing a new GPU, do a quick online search for “CPU model + GPU model bottleneck” (e.g., “i5-7600K RTX 3070 bottleneck”). You’ll find many discussions and benchmarks that can give you an idea of potential performance limitations.
• Balance Your System: Aim for a balanced system where neither the CPU nor GPU significantly limits the other. If your CPU is very old, a major GPU upgrade might warrant a CPU and motherboard upgrade as well.

Summary Checklist for GPU Upgrade Compatibility:

• Motherboard Model Identified: (e.g., “MSI B550-A PRO”)
• PCIe x16 Slot Present: (Yes/No)
• PCIe Version Match (Optional but good to know): (e.g., GPU is PCIe 4.0, Motherboard is PCIe 3.0 – will work but at 3.0 speed)
• Physical Case Clearance: (Length, Height, Width of GPU vs. Case space – Check measurements!)
• PSU Wattage Adequate: (PSU Wattage >= GPU Recommended Wattage – Check this carefully!)
• PSU PCIe Power Connectors Available: (e.g., 2 x 8-pin connectors needed)
• BIOS/UEFI Update Needed? (Check motherboard manufacturer’s website, particularly for older motherboards with very new GPUs)
• CPU Bottlenecking Concern? (Research if your CPU is too old for the new GPU)

Conclusion

Checking if your motherboard supports a GPU upgrade is a multi-faceted process that goes beyond just looking for a slot. By systematically identifying your motherboard, confirming PCIe slot compatibility, verifying physical clearance, evaluating your power supply, and considering potential CPU bottlenecks, you can ensure a successful and frustration-free GPU upgrade. Taking these steps proactively will save you time, money, and the headache of incompatible components.

When you first set up a new Windows 10 PC, especially one from a major manufacturer, you might notice a collection of pre-installed apps that you never asked for. These often include games (like Candy Crush Saga or Solitaire Collection), social media apps (like TikTok or Facebook), or trial versions of software. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as bloatware. While some users might find these convenient, many consider them unnecessary clutter that consumes disk space, uses system resources, and can potentially impact performance and privacy.

The presence of bloatware has been a contentious issue in the personal computing world for decades, long before the advent of Windows 10. From bundled trialware on early 2000s desktops to unwanted toolbars and browser extensions, manufacturers often pre-load software as part of agreements with third-party developers or even Microsoft itself. This practice aims to generate additional revenue, but it often comes at the cost of a clean, efficient user experience. Fortunately, Windows 10 offers several ways to remove these unwanted applications, helping you reclaim control over your system.

This comprehensive guide will walk you through various methods to uninstall pre-installed apps in Windows 10, from simple built-in options to more advanced techniques using PowerShell, ensuring you can customize your PC to your liking.

Why Uninstall Pre-Installed Apps?

Removing pre-installed apps (bloatware) can provide several benefits:

• Free Up Disk Space: Unwanted apps, especially games, can occupy significant storage space on your drive.
• Improve Performance: Some pre-installed apps run in the background, consuming RAM and CPU cycles, which can slow down your system. Removing them can lead to a snappier PC.
• Enhance Privacy: Certain apps might collect data or display unwanted notifications. Removing them reduces your digital footprint.
• Reduce Clutter: A cleaner Start Menu and app list make it easier to find the applications you actually use.

Methods to Uninstall Pre-Installed Apps in Windows 10

Windows 10 offers several ways to remove apps, depending on whether they are traditional desktop programs or modern Universal Windows Platform (UWP) apps.

Method 1: Uninstall from the Start Menu (Easiest for Many UWP Apps)

This is the quickest and most straightforward method for many pre-installed UWP apps that you might find in your Start Menu.

• Step 1: Open the Start Menu.
  • Click the Start button (Windows logo) in the bottom-left corner of your screen, or press the Windows key on your keyboard.
• Step 2: Find the App to Uninstall.
  • Scroll down the “All apps” list on the left side of the Start Menu.
  • Alternatively, if the app is pinned as a tile on the right, you can right-click it there.
• Step 3: Right-Click and Uninstall.
  • Right-click on the pre-installed app you wish to remove (e.g., “Candy Crush Saga,” “Xbox,” “Mail,” “Calendar”).
  • From the context menu, select “Uninstall.”
• Step 4: Confirm Uninstall.
  • A confirmation dialog will appear. Click “Uninstall” again to confirm.
  • For some apps, you might be redirected to the “Apps & features” section in Settings or a traditional uninstall wizard. Follow any on-screen prompts.

Many common bloatware items can be removed this way. However, you’ll notice that for some core Microsoft UWP apps (like Photos, Edge, or Calculator), the “Uninstall” option might be grayed out. For those, you’ll need more advanced methods.

Method 2: Uninstall from Windows Settings (“Apps & features”)

This method lists all installed applications, both traditional desktop programs and UWP apps, making it a centralized place for uninstallation.

• Step 1: Open Settings.
  • Click the Start button, then click the Settings gear icon.
  • Alternatively, press Windows key + I.
• Step 2: Navigate to “Apps & features.”
  • Click on “Apps” in the Settings window.
  • Then, select “Apps & features” from the left-hand menu.
• Step 3: Locate and Uninstall the App.
  • A list of all installed applications will appear. You can use the search bar or sort the list to find the pre-installed app you want to remove.
  • Click on the app you wish to uninstall.
  • Click the “Uninstall” button that appears.
  • A confirmation prompt may appear; click “Uninstall” again.
  • For traditional desktop programs, this might launch a separate uninstallation wizard. Follow its instructions.
  • Similar to the Start Menu method, some built-in UWP apps will have the “Uninstall” button grayed out here as well.

Method 3: Uninstall from Control Panel (For Traditional Desktop Programs)

While less common for modern pre-installed UWP apps, some manufacturers might pre-install traditional desktop software that appears in the Control Panel’s “Programs and Features.”

• Step 1: Open Control Panel.
  • Search for “Control Panel” in the Windows search bar and open it.
• Step 2: Go to “Programs and Features.”
  • Under the “Programs” section, click on “Uninstall a program” (if “View by” is set to “Category”).
  • If “View by” is set to “Large icons” or “Small icons,” click “Programs and Features.”
• Step 3: Locate and Uninstall the Program.
  • Find the traditional desktop program you want to remove from the list.
  • Right-click on it and select “Uninstall/Change,” or select it and click the “Uninstall/Change” button at the top of the list.
  • Follow the on-screen instructions of the uninstallation wizard.

Method 4: Using PowerShell (For Stubborn UWP Apps and Deeper Removal)

For pre-installed apps that cannot be uninstalled via the Start Menu or Settings (often core Microsoft UWP apps like Photos, Camera, or even some Xbox components), PowerShell provides a powerful command-line method. This method requires administrative privileges.

PowerShell: A command-line shell and scripting language developed by Microsoft for task automation and configuration management across various Windows environments. It provides deeper control over the operating system.

• Step 1: Open PowerShell as Administrator.
  • Search for “PowerShell” in the Windows search bar.
  • Right-click on “Windows PowerShell” in the search results.
  • Select “Run as administrator.”
  • Click “Yes” if prompted by User Account Control (UAC).
• Step 2: Get a List of Installed Apps (Optional but Recommended).
  • To see a list of all UWP apps installed for your current user, type the following command and press Enter: Get-AppxPackage
  • To see all apps installed for all users (which is useful for many pre-installed apps), type: Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers
  • This will give you a long list of packages. Look for the Name or PackageFullName of the app you want to remove. For instance, “Microsoft.XboxApp,” “Microsoft.ZuneVideo,” “Microsoft.Windows.Photos,” “Microsoft.BingWeather,” etc. You only need a part of the name for the next step.
• Step 3: Uninstall a Specific App.
  • To uninstall a specific app for the current user, use the Remove-AppxPackage cmdlet with a wildcard: Get-AppxPackage *AppName* | Remove-AppxPackage
    • Replace *AppName* with a unique part of the app’s name you found in Step 2.
    • Examples:
      • Xbox App: Get-AppxPackage *xboxapp* | Remove-AppxPackage
      • Mail and Calendar: Get-AppxPackage *communi* | Remove-AppxPackage
      • Photos: Get-AppxPackage *photo* | Remove-AppxPackage
      • Groove Music: Get-AppxPackage *zunemusic* | Remove-AppxPackage
      • Weather: Get-AppxPackage *bingweather* | Remove-AppxPackage
  • To remove an app for ALL users (and prevent it from being re-provisioned for new users): You need to use Remove-AppxProvisionedPackage in addition to Remove-AppxPackage.
    • First, identify the full package name: Get-AppxProvisionedPackage -Online | Where-Object DisplayName -like “*AppName*”
    • Then, remove it: Get-AppxProvisionedPackage -Online | Where-Object DisplayName -like “*AppName*” | Remove-AppxProvisionedPackage -Online
    • And for current users: Get-AppxPackage *AppName* | Remove-AppxPackage -AllUsers
    • Example (Xbox App for All Users):
      • Get-AppxProvisionedPackage -Online | Where-Object DisplayName -like “*XboxApp*” | Remove-AppxProvisionedPackage -Online
      • Get-AppxPackage *xboxapp* | Remove-AppxPackage -AllUsers

I’ve used PowerShell extensively to remove bloatware for clients. It’s incredibly efficient for bulk removal, but you absolutely need to know what you’re typing. One wrong command could lead to unexpected system behavior.

Method 5: Using Third-Party Bloatware Removal Tools

Several third-party tools are designed specifically to help users uninstall pre-installed apps and general bloatware from Windows 10. These often provide a more user-friendly interface than PowerShell for bulk removal and might also clean up leftover files.

• Popular Tools:
  • O&O AppBuster: A free, portable tool that lists most UWP apps and allows you to easily uninstall them with a few clicks. It can even create a system restore point before making changes.
  • CCleaner (Tools > Uninstall): While known for cleaning, CCleaner also has an uninstaller feature that lists both desktop programs and UWP apps, allowing for removal.
  • Revo Uninstaller: Offers a free version that provides more thorough uninstallation by scanning for leftover files and registry entries after the standard uninstall process. It’s excellent for traditional desktop programs and has some UWP app support.
  • Windows 10 Debloater Scripts (GitHub): These are community-developed PowerShell scripts (often with GUI versions) that automate the removal of many common bloatware items. Use these with extreme caution, as they can sometimes remove components you might later need. Always research the script thoroughly and understand what it does before running it.
• How to use (General Steps for GUI Tools like O&O AppBuster):
  • Step 1: Download the tool.
  • Step 2: Run the tool (often no installation needed).
  • Step 3: Scan for Apps. The tool will usually list all detectable apps, often categorizing them.
  • Step 4: Select and Uninstall. Choose the apps you want to remove. The tool might offer to create a restore point first (highly recommended!).
  • Step 5: Confirm and Complete. Follow any prompts to complete the uninstallation.

Important Considerations Before Uninstalling

• Know What You’re Deleting: Do not indiscriminately remove apps, especially if you’re unsure of their purpose. Some built-in apps (like the Calculator, Photos, or even some Xbox components) might be dependencies for other features or games you use. Removing them might break functionality.
• System Restore Point: Before using PowerShell or third-party tools for extensive bloatware removal, it’s highly recommended to create a system restore point. This allows you to revert your system to a previous state if something goes wrong.
  • System Restore Point: A snapshot of your computer’s system files, installed applications, Windows Registry, and system settings, taken at a specific point in time. It allows you to revert your system to that earlier state if issues arise.
• OneDrive Caution: If you use OneDrive for file syncing, be cautious when uninstalling the OneDrive app. While your files in the cloud won’t be deleted, the local syncing functionality will cease.
• Reinstallation: Most UWP apps that you uninstall can be reinstalled later from the Microsoft Store if you change your mind.

By choosing the right method and proceeding with caution, you can effectively uninstall pre-installed apps in Windows 10, creating a cleaner, faster, and more personalized computing experience.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is “bloatware” in Windows 10?

Bloatware refers to pre-installed apps or software that comes bundled with a new Windows 10 PC or during certain Windows updates. These applications are often unnecessary for the user and can consume disk space, system resources, and potentially impact performance or privacy.

Q2: Is it safe to uninstall all pre-installed apps?

It is generally safe to uninstall most non-essential pre-installed apps like games (Candy Crush), social media apps (TikTok), or trial software. However, you should avoid uninstalling core Windows components (like the Microsoft Store itself, Calculator, or Microsoft Edge) using advanced methods unless you know exactly what you’re doing, as this could lead to system instability or broken functionality.

Q3: Why can’t I uninstall some pre-installed apps from Settings or the Start Menu?

Some pre-installed apps are considered essential or deeply integrated Universal Windows Platform (UWP) components by Microsoft. For these apps (e.g., Photos, Camera, some Xbox components), the “Uninstall” option is grayed out in Settings and the Start Menu. To remove them, you typically need to use PowerShell commands or specialized third-party uninstaller tools.

Q4: Will uninstalling pre-installed apps improve my PC’s performance?

Yes, uninstalling pre-installed apps can often improve your PC’s performance. Many of these apps run in the background, consuming RAM and CPU cycles. Removing them frees up these resources, leading to a snappier system, faster boot times, and more available disk space.

Q5: What is PowerShell and how does it help with app uninstallation?

PowerShell is a powerful command-line shell and scripting language in Windows that provides deep control over the operating system. For app uninstallation, it allows you to use specific commands (Get-AppxPackage | Remove-AppxPackage) to target and remove UWP apps that cannot be uninstalled through standard GUI methods, including those that are pre-installed for all users.

Q6: Can I reinstall a pre-installed app after uninstalling it?

Yes, most pre-installed apps that are Universal Windows Platform (UWP) apps (downloaded from the Microsoft Store) can be reinstalled at any time by simply searching for them in the Microsoft Store and clicking “Get” or “Install.”

Q7: Should I use a third-party bloatware removal tool?

Third-party bloatware removal tools can be convenient for uninstalling multiple pre-installed apps at once and often provide a more user-friendly interface than PowerShell. However, always download such tools from reputable sources and consider creating a system restore point before using them, as aggressive removal can sometimes lead to unintended side effects.

If your laptop feels sluggish, unresponsive, or just not as snappy as it once was, Windows Task Manager can help you pinpoint and resolve performance issues. This built-in tool provides real-time insights into your system’s resource usage, allowing you to identify and manage processes that may be slowing down your laptop.

In this guide, we’ll walk you through step-by-step methods to utilize Task Manager effectively and enhance your laptop’s performance.

Step 1: Accessing Task Manager

There are several ways to open Task Manager:

• Keyboard Shortcut: Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc to open Task Manager directly.
• Ctrl + Alt + Delete: Press Ctrl + Alt + Delete and select “Task Manager” from the options.
• Right-Click Taskbar: Right-click on the taskbar and choose “Task Manager.”
• Start Menu Search: Click on the Start menu, type “Task Manager,” and press Enter.

Once opened, if you see a simplified view, click on “More details” at the bottom to access the full interface.

Step 2: Identifying Resource-Heavy Processes

In the Processes tab, you’ll see a list of running applications and background processes, along with their CPU, Memory, Disk, and Network usage.

• Sort by Resource Usage: Click on the column headers (e.g., CPU, Memory) to sort processes by their resource consumption. This helps identify which applications are using the most resources.
• End Unnecessary Processes: If you notice a non-essential application consuming excessive resources, right-click on it and select “End Task.” Be cautious not to end system-critical processes.

Regularly monitoring and managing these processes can free up system resources and improve performance.

Step 3: Managing Startup Programs

Too many programs launching at startup can slow down your laptop’s boot time.

• Navigate to Startup Tab: In Task Manager, click on the Startup tab.
• Disable Unnecessary Programs: Review the list of startup programs. Right-click on any non-essential program and select “Disable.” This prevents the program from launching automatically at startup.

Disabling unnecessary startup programs can significantly reduce boot time and free up resources.

Step 4: Monitoring System Performance

The Performance tab provides real-time graphs and statistics for CPU, Memory, Disk, and Network usage.

• Identify Bottlenecks: High usage in any of these areas can indicate a performance bottleneck. For example, consistently high CPU usage may suggest a need to close resource-intensive applications.
• Assess Hardware Utilization: This tab helps you understand how your hardware is being utilized, aiding in decisions about upgrades or optimizations.

Regularly checking this tab can help you stay informed about your system’s health and performance.

Step 5: Utilizing the Details Tab for Advanced Management

For more granular control, the Details tab lists all running processes with detailed information.

• Set Process Priority: Right-click on a process, hover over “Set priority,” and choose a priority level. Increasing priority can allocate more resources to critical applications.
• End Process Tree: If an application is unresponsive, right-click on its process and select “End process tree” to terminate it and all associated processes.

Use these features cautiously, as improper use can affect system stability.

Step 6: Managing Services

The Services tab allows you to view and manage Windows services.

• Start or Stop Services: Right-click on a service to start or stop it. Stopping unnecessary services can free up resources.
• Open Services Console: Click on “Open Services” at the bottom to access the Services console for more detailed management.

Be cautious when stopping services, as some are essential for system operations.

Step 7: Additional Tips for Performance Optimization

• Regularly Update Software: Ensure your operating system and drivers are up to date to benefit from performance improvements and security patches.
• Scan for Malware: Use Windows Defender or a trusted antivirus program to scan for malware that could be affecting performance.
• Free Up Disk Space: Use Disk Cleanup or third-party tools to remove unnecessary files and free up disk space.
• Upgrade Hardware: If performance issues persist, consider upgrading your RAM or switching to a solid-state drive (SSD) for faster data access.

By effectively utilizing Task Manager and following these steps, you can identify and address performance issues, leading to a faster and more responsive laptop.

Whether your physical keyboard has suddenly stopped working, you’re using a touchscreen device, or you need it for accessibility reasons, the On-Screen Keyboard is an essential built-in tool in Windows. It provides a full visual keyboard on your screen that you can use with your mouse, a stylus, or another pointing device.

This guide will walk you through all the different ways to enable the On-Screen Keyboard in Windows. As someone who has relied on it multiple times to get out of a jam with a faulty keyboard, I can tell you that knowing these quick methods is incredibly useful.

Method 1: The Keyboard Shortcut (The Fastest Way)

If your physical keyboard is at least partially working, this is the quickest way to bring up the On-Screen Keyboard.

• Press and hold the Windows key + Ctrl + O simultaneously.
• The keyboard will immediately appear on your screen, ready to use. Pressing the same key combination again will close it.

Method 2: Using the Settings Menu

If you can’t use a keyboard shortcut, you can easily enable the On-Screen Keyboard through the Windows Settings menu using your mouse. The steps are slightly different for Windows 11 and Windows 10.

For Windows 11 Users:

1. Right-click the Start Menu and select Settings.
2. In the Settings menu, click on Accessibility from the left-hand pane.
3. Scroll down to the “Interaction” section and select Keyboard.
4. You will see a toggle for On-Screen Keyboard. Click it to turn it On.

For Windows 10 Users:

1. Right-click the Start Menu and select Settings.
2. In the Settings window, click on Ease of Access.
3. From the menu on the left, scroll down and select Keyboard.
4. You will see a toggle under “Use the On-Screen Keyboard.” Click it to turn it On.

In both versions of Windows, the keyboard will remain on the screen until you manually close it by clicking the “X” in the top-right corner.

Method 3: From the Run Command or Start Menu

The On-Screen Keyboard is an application, and like any application, it has an executable file name. This gives you another quick way to launch it.

Using the Run Box:

1. Press the Windows key + R to open the Run dialog box.
2. Type osk.exe (or simply osk) and press Enter or click OK.

Using the Start Menu:

1. Click the Start Menu.
2. Type On-Screen Keyboard or osk.
3. Click on the “On-Screen Keyboard” app that appears in the search results.

Method 4: Accessing the On-Screen Keyboard from the Login Screen

This is perhaps the most critical use case. What if you can’t type your password to log in to Windows? Fortunately, you can access the keyboard right from the sign-in screen.

1. On the Windows login screen, look to the bottom-right corner.
2. Click the Accessibility icon. It looks like a person in a circle.
3. A menu will appear. Select On-Screen Keyboard from the list.
4. The keyboard will pop up, allowing you to click the keys with your mouse to enter your password and log in.

How to Make the On-Screen Keyboard Start Automatically

If you have a long-term issue with your physical keyboard, you might want the On-Screen Keyboard to launch every time you start your computer.

1. Follow the steps in Method 2 to navigate to the keyboard settings in either Windows 11 (Accessibility > Keyboard) or Windows 10 (Ease of Access > Keyboard).
2. Enable the On-Screen Keyboard.
3. On this same settings page, you will see additional options. Look for a checkbox or a dropdown menu that allows you to start the On-Screen Keyboard automatically at sign-in. This option is typically found by clicking on the “Options” key on the On-Screen Keyboard itself and then selecting “Control whether the On-Screen Keyboard starts when I sign in.”

On-Screen Keyboard vs. Touch Keyboard: What’s the Difference?

You may have noticed another keyboard pop up, especially on touchscreen devices. It’s important to know the difference:

• On-Screen Keyboard (OSK): This is the classic desktop accessibility application (osk.exe). It’s a resizable window that stays on top of other applications and looks like a traditional keyboard. It’s best for use with a mouse or when a physical keyboard is completely unavailable.
• Touch Keyboard: This keyboard is designed for touchscreens. It typically appears automatically at the bottom of the screen when you tap into a text field and looks more like a smartphone keyboard. It’s optimized for touch input and has features like swipe typing.

For most non-touch troubleshooting scenarios, the On-Screen Keyboard is the tool you need. By knowing these different methods, you’ll always have a way to type and control your Windows PC, no matter the situation.

Windows Task Scheduler is a powerful built-in tool that helps you automate tasks on your PC. Instead of manually opening programs, running scripts, or performing maintenance, you can set tasks to run automatically—at specific times, on events, or under certain conditions. Mastering this utility can save you time and keep your system running smoothly.

Why Use Task Scheduler?

Automating tasks offers many perks:

• Efficiency: Tasks run on their own, freeing you up for other things.
• Consistency: Tasks happen reliably on schedule without you needing to remember.
• Maintenance: Schedule disk cleanups, antivirus scans, or system updates.
• Boost Productivity: Automatically launch apps or organize files.
• Control: Customize exactly when and how tasks run, including power or network conditions.
• No Extra Software: It’s built right into Windows.

Understanding Task Scheduler Basics

Before you create a task, here’s what you need to know:

• Task: What action(s) you want to automate.
• Trigger: What starts the task (time, event, idle state).
• Action: What the task does (run a program, send an email, show a message).
• Conditions: Extra requirements for the task to run (like being on AC power).
• Settings: How Windows manages the task (e.g., stop if running too long).

Step 1: Open Task Scheduler

You can open Task Scheduler a few ways:

• Search the Start menu for Task Scheduler.
• Press Windows + R, type taskschd.msc, and hit Enter.
• Or find it in Control Panel > Administrative Tools.

Step 2: Create a New Task

We’ll use the full Create Task option for complete control.

1. Click Create Task… in the right Actions pane.

Step 3: Configure General Settings

• Name: Give your task a clear name (e.g., “Open Morning News”).
• Description: Optional, but useful to note what it does.
• Security options:
  • Usually, keep Run only when user is logged on for personal tasks.
  • For tasks needing admin rights or running regardless of login, choose Run whether user is logged on or not (may require password).
• Check Run with highest privileges if the task needs admin rights.
• Choose your Windows version in Configure for.

Step 4: Set Triggers (When the Task Runs)

1. Go to the Triggers tab, click New…
2. Pick a trigger type:
   • On a schedule (daily, weekly, one-time) — common choice.
   • At startup, At logon, On idle, or On an event for more advanced triggers.
3. Set start time, recurrence, and other options.
4. Click OK.

Step 5: Define Actions (What the Task Does)

1. Go to Actions tab, click New…
2. Choose Start a program (most common).
3. Browse to the program’s executable (e.g., Chrome at C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe).
4. In Add arguments, enter parameters if needed (for example, a URL to open in a browser).
5. Click OK.

Step 6: Optional Conditions

Set additional conditions like:

• Only run on AC power (good for laptops).
• Run only if connected to a specific network.
• Run only if computer is idle.
• Wake computer to run task.

Step 7: Configure Settings

Adjust how Task Scheduler handles the task:

• Allow manual runs anytime.
• Run task as soon as possible if a scheduled start is missed.
• Decide what happens if the task is already running (usually don’t start a new instance).
• Set maximum runtime and choose to force stop if necessary (use cautiously).

Step 8: Save and Test

• Click OK to create the task (you may need to enter your password).
• In the Task Scheduler Library, find your task.
• Right-click and select Run to test it.
• Verify that it performs as expected.

Managing and Troubleshooting

• Use the History tab on each task to check if it ran successfully or failed.
• Common errors:
  • 0x0: Success
  • 0x2: File not found (check program path)
  • 0x80070005: Access denied (try running with highest privileges)
• Make sure the user account running the task has necessary permissions.

By following these steps, you can automate a wide range of Windows tasks, making your computing life easier and more efficient.

It sounds like you’re experiencing some trouble with your Windows system, possibly due to corrupted system files. Don’t worry, this is a common issue and there are several reliable ways to fix it. Corrupted system files can lead to various problems, from minor glitches to major system instability, so addressing them promptly is key to a healthy Windows experience.

As someone who’s spent countless hours troubleshooting Windows systems, I can tell you that while the idea of “corrupted files” might sound daunting, the solutions are surprisingly straightforward. We’ll walk through the most effective methods, step-by-step, to get your PC back in top shape.

How to Repair Corrupted System Files in Windows

Repairing corrupted system files in Windows often involves using built-in tools designed for this exact purpose. These tools scan your system, identify discrepancies, and replace or repair any damaged files. Here’s a comprehensive guide to the most effective methods:

Method 1: Using the System File Checker (SFC) Tool

The System File Checker (SFC) is the first and most crucial tool you should turn to. It’s a command-line utility that scans for and restores corrupted Windows system files.

Step-by-Step Guide:

1. Open Command Prompt as Administrator:
   • Press the Windows key + S to open the search bar.
   • Type “cmd” or “Command Prompt“.
   • Right-click on “Command Prompt” in the search results and select “Run as administrator.” You’ll be prompted to confirm; click “Yes.”
2. Run the SFC Scan:
   • In the Command Prompt window, type the following command and press Enter:
   • sfc /scannow
   • Explanation:
     • sfc: This invokes the System File Checker tool.
     • /scannow: This is the parameter that tells SFC to scan all protected system files and replace corrupted files with a cached copy.
   • The scan will begin and can take some time to complete. Do not close the Command Prompt window until the verification is 100% complete.
3. Interpret the Results:
   • Once the scan finishes, you’ll see one of the following messages:
     • “Windows Resource Protection did not find any integrity violations.” This means your system files are likely fine, and the corruption might stem from another source.
     • “Windows Resource Protection found corrupted files and successfully repaired them.” Great news! SFC fixed the issues.
     • “Windows Resource Protection found corrupted files but was unable to fix some of them.” This indicates SFC couldn’t repair everything. In this case, proceed to Method 2.
     • “Windows Resource Protection could not perform the requested operation.” This might mean there’s an issue with the Windows modules installer service or another underlying problem. You might need to run the DISM tool first (Method 2).
4. Restart Your Computer: After the SFC scan completes (especially if it found and repaired files), it’s always a good idea to restart your computer. This allows the changes to take full effect.

Method 2: Using the Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM) Tool

If SFC couldn’t repair all corrupted files, or if you received an error message, the Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM) tool is your next step. DISM is a more powerful command-line tool used to prepare Windows images, including repairing the underlying Windows component store that SFC relies on. Think of it as preparing the ground before SFC can do its work effectively.

Step-by-Step Guide:

1. Open Command Prompt as Administrator:
   • Follow the same steps as in Method 1 to open Command Prompt with administrative privileges.
2. Run DISM Commands: You’ll typically run three main DISM commands in sequence. These commands download original Windows files from Windows Update to repair your local image. An active internet connection is required for these steps.
   • Command 1: Check Health (Optional but Recommended)
   • DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /CheckHealth
     • Explanation: This command quickly checks for any corruption in the Windows image. It’s a quick check and doesn’t perform any repairs.
   • Command 2: Scan Health
   • DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /ScanHealth
     • Explanation: This command performs a more thorough scan of the Windows image for corruption. This can take several minutes to complete.
   • Command 3: Restore Health
   • DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
     • Explanation: This is the most important command. It scans for corruption and automatically attempts to repair it by using Windows Update to download necessary replacement files. This can take longer than the previous commands, especially if a lot of corruption is found. The progress might appear stuck at times, but be patient.
3. Run SFC Again (Crucial): After running the DISM RestoreHealth command, it’s vital to run the SFC scan again (as described in Method 1). This is because DISM repairs the source files that SFC uses. Once DISM has fixed the underlying image, SFC can then successfully repair any remaining corrupted system files.
   •   sfc /scannow
4. Restart Your Computer: Once both DISM and SFC have completed, restart your computer.

Method 3: Performing a Clean Boot

Sometimes, third-party applications or services can interfere with system files, causing them to appear corrupted or preventing repair. A clean boot starts Windows with a minimal set of drivers and startup programs, helping you identify if a background program is causing the issue. This isn’t a direct repair method but a diagnostic one that can lead you to the cause.

Step-by-Step Guide:

1. Open System Configuration:
   • Press Windows key + R to open the Run dialog.
   • Type “msconfig” and press Enter.
2. Configure for Clean Boot:
   • Go to the General tab.
   • Select “Selective startup.”
   • Uncheck “Load startup items.”
   • Make sure “Load system services” and “Use original boot configuration” are checked.
3. Disable Non-Microsoft Services:
   • Go to the Services tab.
   • Check the box for “Hide all Microsoft services.” This is crucial to avoid disabling essential Windows services.
   • Click “Disable all.”
4. Apply and Restart:
   • Click “Apply” then “OK.”
   • You’ll be prompted to restart your computer. Click “Restart.”
5. Test for the Issue:
   • After restarting in a clean boot environment, run the SFC and DISM commands again (Methods 1 and 2). If the system files are now repairable, it indicates a third-party application or service was interfering.
6. Troubleshoot and Re-enable Services:
   • If the issue is resolved in a clean boot, you’ll need to go back into msconfig and enable services one by one or in small groups to pinpoint the culprit.
   • After enabling a group, restart your computer and test. Repeat until you find the problematic service.
   • Once identified, you can choose to keep it disabled, update it, or uninstall the associated program.
7. Return to Normal Startup:
   • Once you’re done troubleshooting, go back into msconfig.
   • On the General tab, select “Normal startup.”
   • Click “Apply” then “OK,” and restart your computer to return to your regular Windows environment.

Method 4: Using System Restore

System Restore is a powerful feature that allows you to revert your system files, installed applications, Windows Registry, and system settings to a previous point in time, known as a restore point. This can be incredibly helpful if the file corruption is recent and you have a healthy restore point available.

Important Note: System Restore will not affect your personal files (documents, pictures, etc.), but it will remove programs installed after the chosen restore point.

Step-by-Step Guide:

1. Open System Restore:
   • Press the Windows key + S and type “create a restore point” in the search bar.
   • Click on the search result that appears. This will open the System Properties window on the “System Protection” tab.
   • Click the “System Restore…” button.
2. Follow the Wizard:
   • Click “Next” on the initial System Restore dialog.
   • You’ll see a list of available restore points. Select a restore point that was created before you started experiencing issues with corrupted files. You can check the box “Show more restore points” to see additional options.
   • Once you’ve selected a restore point, click “Next.”
3. Confirm and Proceed:
   • Review the details of the restore point.
   • Click “Finish” to begin the restore process.
   • You’ll receive a warning that System Restore cannot be interrupted once it starts. Click “Yes” to confirm.
4. Wait for Restoration:
   • Your computer will restart and begin the restoration process. This can take some time. Do not turn off your computer during this process.
5. Check System:
   • Once the restoration is complete, your computer will boot back into Windows. Check if the corrupted file issues are resolved.

Method 5: Resetting or Reinstalling Windows (Last Resort)

If none of the above methods work, and you’re still facing persistent issues due to corrupted system files, a Windows Reset or clean reinstall might be necessary. While more drastic, these options effectively give you a fresh start.

Option 1: Reset This PC

Windows 10 and 11 offer a “Reset this PC” option that allows you to reinstall Windows while keeping your personal files (though it’s always recommended to back them up first).

Step-by-Step Guide:

1. Open Settings:
   • Press Windows key + I to open the Settings app.
2. Navigate to Recovery:
   • In Windows 10: Go to “Update & Security” > “Recovery.”
   • In Windows 11: Go to “System” > “Recovery.”
3. Start Reset:
   • Under “Recovery options,” click “Get started” next to “Reset this PC.”
4. Choose an Option:
   • You’ll be presented with two main options:
     • “Keep my files“: This reinstalls Windows and keeps your personal files, but removes apps and drivers.
     • “Remove everything“: This removes all personal files, apps, and settings, performing a completely fresh installation. Choose this if you want a truly clean slate or if “Keep my files” doesn’t resolve the issue.
5. Follow On-Screen Prompts:
   • Windows will guide you through the remaining steps, including choosing how to reinstall (cloud download or local reinstall). Follow the instructions carefully.

Option 2: Clean Reinstallation of Windows

A clean reinstallation is the most thorough approach, completely wiping your drive and installing a fresh copy of Windows. This is ideal if you suspect deep-seated corruption or want to eliminate any lingering issues.

Important: This will erase everything on your primary drive. Back up all your important personal files to an external drive or cloud storage before proceeding.

General Steps (requires a bootable USB drive):

1. Create Windows Installation Media:
   • Download the Windows Media Creation Tool from the official Microsoft website on a working computer.
   • Use the tool to create a bootable USB flash drive with the Windows installation files.
2. Boot from USB:
   • Insert the USB drive into your problematic computer.
   • Restart your computer and access your BIOS/UEFI settings (usually by pressing a key like F2, F10, F12, or Del during startup) to change the boot order, making the USB drive the first boot device.
3. Install Windows:
   • Follow the on-screen prompts of the Windows installation wizard.
   • During the installation, you’ll reach a point where you can choose to format your drives. Select your primary Windows partition and choose to format it before proceeding with the installation.

Preventing Future Corruptions

While repairing corrupted files is essential, preventing them in the first place is even better. Here are some tips:

• Regularly Update Windows: Microsoft frequently releases updates that include bug fixes and stability improvements.
• Use Reliable Antivirus Software: A good antivirus can prevent malware from corrupting your files.
• Perform Disk Checks: Occasionally run chkdsk (Check Disk) to scan and repair bad sectors on your hard drive.
• Safely Remove Hardware: Always use the “Safely Remove Hardware and Eject Media” option before unplugging external drives.
• Avoid Force Shutdowns: Try to shut down your computer properly rather than forcing a power off, which can lead to file corruption.
• Back Up Your Data: Regular backups are your ultimate safeguard against any data loss, whether from file corruption or hardware failure.

By understanding and applying these methods, you’ll be well-equipped to tackle corrupted system files in Windows and maintain a stable, high-performing computer. Remember, patience is key, especially when dealing with system-level repairs.

\When your Windows 10 computer just won’t stay connected to Wi-Fi, or Ethernet keeps throwing “No Internet Access” errors despite everything looking fine, a network reset might be the magic bullet. This built-in feature gives your networking setup a clean slate, often resolving issues that other fixes just can’t touch.

Why You Might Need a Network Reset

Here’s when hitting that reset button can be your best move:

• Constant Wi-Fi Drops or No Internet on Ethernet
• Weird DNS or IP Problems
• Leftover Issues After Removing Malware
• VPN or Proxy Configs Gone Rogue
• Driver Corruption
• Some Networks Work, Others Don’t
• Just Plain Network Weirdness

What Does the Reset Actually Do?

It reinstalls all your network adapters and rolls your network settings back to how they were when Windows was freshly installed. Here’s what gets reset:

• All saved Wi-Fi networks and passwords
• Static IP addresses or custom DNS settings
• Any VPN connections you’ve manually set up (the software remains installed)
• Some Windows Defender Firewall rules
• Possible impacts on Bluetooth network configurations

Important: It won’t touch your personal files or apps. But yes, you will need to rejoin your Wi-Fi and reconfigure things like VPNs.

How to Reset Network Settings in Windows 10

Let’s walk through it step-by-step:

1. Open Settings

• Click the Start button > select the gear icon (Settings)
• Or just press Windows + I

2. Go to Network & Internet

• Click “Network & Internet”

3. Navigate to the Status Tab

• It should open here by default
• Scroll to the bottom and click “Network reset”

4. Reset and Reboot

• Click “Reset now”
• Confirm when prompted
• Windows will warn you it’ll restart in 5 minutes
• Restart manually if you’re ready

What to Do After the Reset

Once you’re back up:

• Reconnect to Wi-Fi: Find your network and re-enter the password
• Ethernet: Should reconnect automatically
• VPN/Proxy: Reconfigure if you used one
• File Sharing/Network Discovery: If you had these set up, you might need to turn them back on

Still Not Working? Try These:

• Release/Renew IP & Flush DNS:

ipconfig /release

ipconfig /renew

ipconfig /flushdns

• Check Physical Connections: Especially important for Ethernet users
• Update Network Drivers:
  • Device Manager > Network adapters > Right-click > Update driver
  • Or manually download from the manufacturer’s site
• Disable and Re-enable the Adapter:
  • Right-click Start > Network Connections > Right-click your adapter > Disable > Enable
• Check Antivirus/Firewall Settings: Temporarily disable to test

A Real-Life Reset Save

After a Windows update, my laptop suddenly wouldn’t connect to Wi-Fi reliably. Every few minutes, it would drop and then reconnect—or not. I went down every rabbit hole: drivers, router settings, rolling back updates. Nothing. Then I tried a network reset. A few clicks, a restart, and boom—connection solid. It really felt like pressing a reset button on the invisible web of networking settings.

Final Word

A network reset in Windows 10 is a deceptively simple fix that can resolve some pretty gnarly internet problems. Just remember: you’ll need to reconnect to your Wi-Fi and reconfigure any advanced settings afterward. But if your connection woes are starting to drive you up the wall, it might be exactly the clean slate your system needs.